题目内容：

    Not all bad emotions (情感) are necessarily bad. In fact, they can direct your behaviour in useful ways. If you’re stuck in traffic, anger with the situation might motivate you to find an alternative route (线路), which will then relieve your stress. But anger is less useful if you’re in the same situation, but stuck on a motorway with no option to alter directions.

Emotions have physiological effects, such as raising the level of cortisol in your bloodstream, which can affect your health. Indeed, a new study, published in Psychology and Aging, shows that high levels of anger are associated with poor health in older people.

The Canadian study did the study on 226 adults aged 59-93. They took blood samples to assess levels of chronic (慢性的) low-grade inflammation (炎症) and asked the participants to report any age-related chronic illnesses they might have. The participants also completed a short questionnaire about the level of anger or sadness they experienced in three typical days over a one-week period.

For the analysis, the researchers considered whether age could affect the results. They found that higher levels of anger were associated with inflammation and ill health in the oldest participants (aged 80 and above), but not the youngest ones (59-79 years). Sadness was not associated with inflammation or ill health in either age group.

The study is cross-sectional, meaning that it assessed a group of people at a single point in time. To get a fuller understanding of the relationship between bad emotions and health, we need studies that follow participants for a period of time — so-called prospective observation studies. Future studies should also take into account other factors that might relate, such as other emotions, stress and personality.

Although this new research shows a link between emotion and health in older age, we do not know whether anger causes inflammation and illness or whether health problems make people angrier.

1.What does the underlined word “alter” in paragraph 1 mean?

A.Change. B.Control.

C.Measure. D.Operate.

2.Why were participants taken blood samples?

A.To analyze their levels of health.

B.To fill in the form of questionnaires.

C.To know the levels of some inflammation.

D.To compare the change of anger in three days.

3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Anger is the greatest danger to health.

B.The influence of anger on illness is unclear.

C.People in poor health are easy to get angry.

D.Evidence is needed to prove the effect of health.

4.What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Adjusting Our Emotions Is Necessary

B.Bad Emotions Affect People’s Feelings

C.New Conclusions Make People Amazed

D.Anger Is Linked to Illness in Old Age