题目内容：

    “Data is the new oil.” Like the sticky black thing, all those Is and 0s are of little use until they are processed into something more valuable. That something is you.

Five of the world’s ten most valuable companies are built on a foundation of tying data to human beings. Google and Facebook want to find out as much as possible about their users’ interests, activities, friends and family. Amazon has a detailed history of consumer behavior. Tencent and Alibaba are the digital wallets for hundreds of millions of Chinese; both know enough about consumers to provide widely used credit scores. Those with a good Zhima credit score, provided by Alibaba, enjoy discounts. Those without receive few offers. In other words, data are used to decide what sort of access people have to services.

That data are valuable is increasingly well-understood by individuals, too, especially because personal information is so often leaked（泄露）or stolen. The list of companies that have suffered some sort of data leak in 2018 alone reads like a roll call of household names: Facebook, Google, British Airways and so on. Such events have caused a switch in the public understanding of data collection. People have started to take notice of all the data they are giving away.

Yet few people have changed their online behavior or exercised what few digital rights they possess. Partly this is because managing your own data is time-consuming and complex. But it is more because of a misunderstanding of what is at risk. “Data” is an abstract concept. Far more solid is the idea of identity. It is only when “data” is understood to mean “people” that individuals will demand responsibility from those who seek to know them.

The fossils of past actions fuel future economic and social outcomes. Privacy rules and data-protection regulations are extremely important in protecting the rights of individuals. But the first step towards ensuring the fairness of the new information age is to understand that it is not data that are valuable. It is you.

1.The example of Zhima credit scores is mentioned to show __________.

A.data help companies target their services

B.credit scores change people’s way of life

C.Alibaba gains popularity among customers

D.people prefer to be offered discounts

2.What has caused a change in the public understanding of data collection?

A.The development of companies. B.The history of consumption.

C.Cases of data leak and theft. D.Lists of household names.

3.People don’t protect their data well mainly because __________.

A.they find it time-consuming and complex

B.they are not fully aware of its importance

C.they have no access to their personal data

D.they are afraid of taking responsibility

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A.To defend companies’ use of data.

B.To show the economic value of data.

C.To call for more regulations to protect data.

D.To advocate a new way of thinking about data.