王老师
回答题目：2621条
一、名词
名词—可数名词、不可数名词
不可数名词,如：glue,chalk,snow,rain,cake,ice cream…
可数名词有单、复数形式
可数名词变成复数形式的情况：
1、在名词末尾加s:books,flowers,pens,stamps…
2、以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,末尾加es:buses,beaches,fishes…
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的,去y变i,再加es:family-families,story-stories…
4、单复数同形的：sheep,people…
5、不规则变化的：man-men,woman-women,child-children,wolf-wolves,leaf-leaves…
二、动词
在小学阶段,需要掌握动词的原形、现在分词、过去式和第三人称单数形式.
动词的现在分词,用于现在进行时态,其构成一般规律：
1、一般在动词末尾加ing:
talking reading flying looking cooking eating…
2、动词末尾是不发音的e,去掉e,再加ing:
take-taking come-coming ride-riding
have-having make-making …
3、以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写这个辅音字母,再加ing:
run-running sit-sitting put-putting
begin-beginning hit-hitting swimming…
动词的第三人称单数形式,用于一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数的情况,其变化如下：
1、动词末尾加s:
says asks sings answers looks makes…
2、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的动词加es:
teaches brushes…
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的,去y变i,再加es:
fly-flies try-tries…
动词的过去式,用于一般过去时,其变化如下：
1、一般动词在末尾加ed:
looked talked played wanted walked …
2、以不发音的e结尾的,只加d:
write-writed like-liked …
3、有些动词的原形和过去式同形：
sit put hurt read hit …
4、不规则变化的动词,要求学生熟记：
buy-bought bring-brought teach-taught
say-said think-thought go-went
see-saw come-came am,is-was
are-were eat-ate throw-threw
swim-swam lie-lay do-did
write-wrote …
三、简单的词形变化
1、名词与形容词
有些名词末尾加y,可以转变成形容词：
rain-rainny cloud-cloudy wind-windy
snow-snowy …
这些名词中,以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,要双写这个字母,再加y:
sun-sunny
2、形容词与副词：
有些形容词的末尾加ly,可以转化成副词：
sad-sadly happy-happily slow-slowly
quiet-quietly loud-loudly quick-quickly…
3、形容词、副词的比较级：
a、在词尾加er:taller,shorter,younger,older…
b、以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写这个辅音字母再加er:bigger
c、以辅音字母+y结尾的,去y变i,再加er:early-earlier
d、以不发音的e结尾的,只加r:late-later
e、大部分多音节词在单词前加more:expensive-more expensive
f、不规则的变化形式：good-better
四、简单的句子知识
1、陈述句
陈述句中,要注意的是主语和谓语部分的时态和人称的一致.如：
I am writing.
Li Ming likes French fries.
Danny bought ice cream yesterday.
2、一般疑问句
一般疑问句是将陈述句中的动词提到主语的前面,或在句首加助动词构成的问句,有肯定yes和否定no两种回答.如：
把be动词提到主语前面的：
She is a teacher.-Is she a teacher?
We are children.–Are you children?
把情态动词提到主语前面的：
I can sing well.–Can you sing well?
You may sit now.–May I sit now?
在句首加助动词的,原来句中的实意动词要恢复原形：
Li Nan likes donuts.–Does Li Nan like donuts?
Danny ate a hot dog yesterday.–Did Danny eat a hot dog yesterday?
You eat supper at 7:00.–Do you eat supper at 7:00?
3、特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句是由疑问词加上一般疑问句构成的疑问句,答语为陈述句,必须与问题一一对应.
询问年龄,用how old
How old is Jenny?She is eleven.
询问颜色,用what colour
What colour is your hair?It’s black.
询问价格,用how much
How much is a stamp?2 yuan.
询问行为方式,用how
How do you go to school?By bus.
询问数量,用how many
How many markers do you have?I have twelve markers.
询问时间,用when
When is Teacher’s Day?It’s September tenth.
询问具体时刻,用what time
What time is it now?It’s 6:30.
询问地方,用where
Where is the book?It’s on the desk.
询问身高,用how tall
How tall is Xiao Ming?He is 1.3 meters tall.
询问事情的频率,用how often
How often do they play basketball?
They play basketball three times a week.
